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Terjadinya Lubang Besar Permukaan Bumi "SINKHOLE"


Pernahkah Anda melihat lubang besar menganga dari permukaan Bumi? Lubang semacam ini lebih terkenal dengan sebutan Sinkhole. Bagaiman bisa muncul?
Sinkhole muncul ketika sepetak tanah runtuh dan meninggalkan jejak seperti kawah di permukaan Bumi. Menurut US Geological Survey (USGS), fenomena ini umum terjadi di Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee dan Pennsylvania.
Tanah di bawah negara-negara ini kaya akan batuan yang mudah larut seperti kapur, karbonat dan garam. Ketika air tanah mengalir melalui batuan ini, air menggerogoti batuan ini dan menyisakan lubang di bawah tanah dan gua.
Ketika atap dari salah satu gua runtuh, tanah diatasnya akan runtuh juga. Beberapa sinkholes secara bertahap akan diisi dengan debu atau pasir di atasnya. Namun, ada juga yang mengikis permukaan ketika batuan mudah larut terkena hujan dan angin.
Sinkhole paling berbahaya adalah ketika mereka runtuh tiba-tiba. Di beberapa kasus, air tanah mengisi saluran gua-gua bawah tanah karena kekeringan atau karena manusia mengalihkan aliran air tanah untuk pertambangan, air minum atau irigasi.
Tanpa adanya dukungan air dari bawah, tanah di atas akan runtuh. Dalam kasus lain, atap gua menjadi terlalu lemah untuk menyangga berat tanah di atasnya. Sinkhole bisa menelan mobil, rumah dan bahkan menguras seluruh danau tanpa peringatan secara tiba-tiba.
Pada September 1999, Lake Jackson dekat Tallahassee, Florida, yang awalnya diukur lebih dari 16 kilometer persegi, hampir hilang sama sekali. Seperti dikutip sciencedaily, air di danau itu hilang dan sedalam 15 meter.